CreateWindow
The CreateWindow
function creates an overlapped, pop-up, or child window. It specifies the
window class, window title, window style, and (optionally) the initial position
and size of the window. The function also specifies the window s parent or
owner, if any, and the window s menu.
HWND CreateWindow(
|
LPCTSTR lpClassName, |
// pointer to
registered class name |
|
LPCTSTR lpWindowName, |
// pointer to
window name |
|
DWORD dwStyle, |
// window style |
|
int x, |
// horizontal
position of window |
|
int y, |
// vertical
position of window |
|
int nWidth, |
// window width |
|
int nHeight, |
// window height |
|
HWND hWndParent, |
// handle to parent
or owner window |
|
HMENU hMenu, |
// handle to menu
or child-window identifier |
|
HANDLE hInstance, |
// handle to
application instance |
|
LPVOID lpParam |
// pointer to
window-creation data |
|
); |
|
Parameters
lpClassName
Points to a
null-terminated string or is an integer atom. If this parameter is an atom, it
must be a global atom created by a previous call to the GlobalAddAtom function. The atom, a
16-bit value less than 0xC000, must be in the low-order word of lpClassName;
the high-order word must be zero.
If lpClassName
is a string, it specifies the window class name. The class name can be any name
registered with the RegisterClass function or any of the predefined
control-class names. For a complete list, see the following Remarks section.
lpWindowName
Points to a
null-terminated string that specifies the window name.
dwStyle
Specifies the
style of the window being created. This parameter can be a combination of the
window styles and control styles listed in the following Remarks section.
x
Specifies the
initial horizontal position of the window. For an overlapped or pop-up window,
the x parameter is the initial x-coordinate of the window s upper-left
corner, in screen coordinates. For a child window, x is the x-coordinate
of the upper-left corner of the window relative to the upper-left corner of the
parent window s client area.
If this
parameter is set to CW_USEDEFAULT, Windows selects the default position for the
window s upper-left corner and ignores the y parameter. CW_USEDEFAULT is
valid only for overlapped windows; if it is specified for a pop-up or child
window, the x and y parameters are set to zero.
y
Specifies the
initial vertical position of the window. For an overlapped or pop-up window, the
y parameter is the initial y-coordinate of the window s upper-left
corner, in screen coordinates. For a child window, y is the initial
y-coordinate of the upper-left corner of the child window relative to the
upper-left corner of the parent window s client area. For a list box, y is
the initial y-coordinate of the upper-left corner of the list box s client area
relative to the upper-left corner of the parent window s client area.
If an
overlapped window is created with the WS_VISIBLE style bit set and the x
parameter is set to CW_USEDEFAULT, Windows ignores the y parameter.
nWidth
Specifies the
width, in device units, of the window. For overlapped windows, nWidth is
either the window s width, in screen coordinates, or CW_USEDEFAULT. If nWidth
is CW_USEDEFAULT, Windows selects a default width and height for the window;
the default width extends from the initial x-coordinate to the right edge of
the screen, and the default height extends from the initial y-coordinate to the
top of the icon area. CW_USEDEFAULT is valid only for overlapped windows; if
CW_USEDEFAULT is specified for a pop-up or child window, nWidth and nHeight
are set to zero.
nHeight
Specifies the
height, in device units, of the window. For overlapped windows, nHeight
is the window s height, in screen coordinates. If nWidth is set to
CW_USEDEFAULT, Windows ignores nHeight.
hWndParent
Identifies
the parent or owner window of the window being created. A valid window handle
must be supplied when a child window or an owned window is created. A child
window is confined to the client area of its parent window. An owned window is
an overlapped window that is destroyed when its owner window is destroyed or
hidden when its owner is minimized; it is always displayed on top of its owner
window. Although this parameter must specify a valid handle if the dwStyle
parameter includes the WS_CHILD style, it is optional if dwStyle
includes the WS_POPUP style.
hMenu
Identifies a
menu, or specifies a child-window identifier depending on the window style. For
an overlapped or pop-up window, hMenu identifies the menu to be used
with the window; it can be NULL if the class menu is to be used. For a child
window, hMenu specifies the child-window identifier, an integer value
used by a dialog box control to notify its parent about events. The application
determines the child-window identifier; it must be unique for all child windows
with the same parent window.
hInstance
Identifies
the instance of the module to be associated with the window.
lpParam
Points to a
value passed to the window through the CREATESTRUCT structure referenced by
the lParam parameter of the WM_CREATE message. If an application calls CreateWindow
to create a multiple document interface (MDI) client window, lpParam
must point to a CLIENTCREATESTRUCT structure.
Return Values
If the
function succeeds, the return value is the handle to the new window.
If the
function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information,
call GetLastError.
Remarks
Before
returning, CreateWindow sends a WM_CREATE2RE1YT3 message to the window procedure.
For
overlapped, pop-up, and child windows, CreateWindow sends WM_CREATE, WM_GETMINMAXINFO, and WM_NCCREATE messages to the window. The lParam
parameter of the WM_CREATE
message contains a pointer to a CREATESTRUCT19UXHWN structure. If the WS_VISIBLE style is
specified, CreateWindow sends the window all the messages required to
activate and show the window.
If the window
style specifies a title bar, the window title pointed to by lpWindowName
is displayed in the title bar. When using CreateWindow to create
controls, such as buttons, check boxes, and static controls, use lpWindowName
to specify the text of the control.
If you
specify Windows version 4.x when linking your application, its windows cannot
have caption buttons unless they also have window menus. This is not a
requirement for applications that you linked specifying Windows version 3.x.
The following
predefined control classes can be specified in the lpClassName parameter:
|
Class |
Meaning |
|
BUTTON |
Designates
a small rectangular child window that represents a button the user can click
to turn it on or off. Button controls can be used alone or in groups, and
they can either be labeled or appear without text. Button controls typically
change appearance when the user clicks them. |
|
COMBOBOX |
Designates
a control consisting of a list box and a selection field similar to an edit
control. When using this style, an application should either display the list
box at all times or enable a drop-down list box. |
|
|
Depending
on the style of the combo box, the user can or cannot edit the contents of
the selection field. If the list box is visible, typing characters into the
selection field highlights the first list box entry that matches the characters
typed. Conversely, selecting an item in the list box displays the selected
text in the selection field. |
|
EDIT |
Designates
a rectangular child window into which the user can type text from the
keyboard. The user selects the control and gives it the keyboard focus by
clicking it or moving to it by pressing the TAB key. The user can type text
when the edit control displays a flashing caret; use the mouse to move the
cursor, select characters to be replaced, or position the cursor for
inserting characters; or use the BACKSPACE key to delete characters. |
|
|
Edit
controls use the variable-pitch system font and display characters from the
ANSI character set. The WM_SETFONT message can also be sent to the edit control to
change the default font. |
|
|
Edit controls
expand tab characters into as many space characters as are required to move
the caret to the next tab stop. Tab stops are assumed to be at every eighth
character position. |
|
LISTBOX |
Designates
a list of character strings. Specify this control whenever an application
must present a list of names, such as filenames, from which the user can
choose. The user can select a string by clicking it. A selected string is
highlighted, and a notification message is passed to the parent window. Use a
vertical or horizontal scroll bar with a list box to scroll lists that are
too long for the control window. The list box automatically hides or shows
the scroll bar, as needed. |
|
MDICLIENT |
Designates
an MDI client window. This window receives messages that control the MDI
application s child windows. The recommended style bits are WS_CLIPCHILDREN
and WS_CHILD. Specify the WS_HSCROLL and WS_VSCROLL styles to create an MDI
client window that allows the user to scroll MDI child windows into view. |
|
SCROLLBAR |
Designates
a rectangle that contains a scroll box and has direction arrows at both ends.
The scroll bar sends a notification message to its parent window whenever the
user clicks the control. The parent window is responsible for updating the
position of the scroll box, if necessary. Scroll bar controls have the same
appearance and function as scroll bars used in ordinary windows. Unlike
scroll bars, however, scroll bar controls can be positioned anywhere in a
window for use whenever scrolling input is needed for a window. |
|
|
The scroll
bar class also includes size box controls. A size box is a small rectangle
the user can expand to change the size of the window. |
|
STATIC |
Designates
a simple text field, box, or rectangle used to label, box, or separate other
controls. Static controls take no input and provide no output. |
The following
window styles can be specified in the dwStyle parameter:
|
Style |
Meaning |
|
WS_BORDER |
Creates a
window that has a thin-line border. |
|
WS_CAPTION |
Creates a
window that has a title bar (includes the WS_BORDER style). |
|
WS_CHILD |
Creates a
child window. This style cannot be used with the WS_POPUP style. |
|
WS_CHILDWINDOW |
Same as the
WS_CHILD style. |
|
WS_CLIPCHILDREN |
Excludes
the area occupied by child windows when drawing occurs within the parent
window. This style is used when creating the parent window. |
|
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS |
Clips child
windows relative to each other; that is, when a particular child window
receives a WM_PAINT
message, the WS_CLIPSIBLINGS style clips all other overlapping child windows
out of the region of the child window to be updated. If WS_CLIPSIBLINGS is
not specified and child windows overlap, it is possible, when drawing within
the client area of a child window, to draw within the client area of a
neighboring child window. |
|
WS_DISABLED |
Creates a
window that is initially disabled. A disabled window cannot receive input
from the user. |
|
WS_DLGFRAME |
Creates a
window that has a border of a style typically used with dialog boxes. A
window with this style cannot have a title bar. |
|
WS_GROUP |
Specifies
the first control of a group of controls. The group consists of this first
control and all controls defined after
it, up to the next control with the WS_GROUP style. The first control in each
group usually has the WS_TABSTOP style so that the user can move from group
to group. The user can subsequently change the keyboard focus from one
control in the group to the next control in the group by using the direction
keys. |
|
WS_HSCROLL |
Creates a
window that has a horizontal scroll bar. |
|
WS_ICONIC |
Creates a
window that is initially minimized. Same as the WS_MINIMIZE style. |
|
WS_MAXIMIZE |
Creates a
window that is initially maximized. |
|
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX |
Creates a
window that has a Maximize button. Cannot be combined with the
WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP style. The WS_SYSMENU style must also be specified. |
|
WS_MINIMIZE |
Creates a
window that is initially minimized. Same as the WS_ICONIC style. |
|
WS_MINIMIZEBOX |
Creates a
window that has a Minimize button. Cannot be combined with the
WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP style. The WS_SYSMENU style must also be specified. |
|
WS_OVERLAPPED |
Creates an
overlapped window. An overlapped window has a title bar and a border. Same as
the WS_TILED style. |
|
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW |
Creates an
overlapped window with the WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME,
WS_MINIMIZEBOX, and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX styles. Same as the WS_TILEDWINDOW style. |
|
WS_POPUP |
Creates a
pop-up window. This style cannot be used with the WS_CHILD style. |
|
WS_POPUPWINDOW |
Creates a
pop-up window with WS_BORDER, WS_POPUP, and WS_SYSMENU styles. The WS_CAPTION
and WS_POPUPWINDOW styles must be combined to make the window menu
visible. |
|
WS_SIZEBOX |
Creates a
window that has a sizing border. Same as the WS_THICKFRAME style. |
|
WS_SYSMENU |
Creates a
window that has a window-menu on its title bar. The WS_CAPTION style
must also be specified. |
|
WS_TABSTOP |
Specifies a
control that can receive the keyboard focus when the user presses the TAB key.
Pressing the TAB key changes the keyboard focus to the next control
with the WS_TABSTOP style. |
|
WS_THICKFRAME |
Creates a
window that has a sizing border. Same as the WS_SIZEBOX style. |
|
WS_TILED |
Creates an
overlapped window. An overlapped window has a title bar and a border. Same as
the WS_OVERLAPPED style. |
|
WS_TILEDWINDOW |
Creates an
overlapped window with the WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU,
WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX, and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX styles. Same as the WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW
style. |
|
WS_VISIBLE |
Creates a
window that is initially visible. |
|
WS_VSCROLL |
Creates a
window that has a vertical scroll bar. |
The following
button styles (in the BUTTON class) can be specified in the dwStyle
parameter:
|
Style |
Meaning |
|
BS_3STATE |
Creates a
button that is the same as a check box, except that the box can be grayed as
well as checked or unchecked. Use the grayed state to show that the state of
the check box is not determined. |
|
BS_AUTO3STATE |
Creates a
button that is the same as a three-state check box, except that the box
changes its state when the user selects it. The state cycles through checked,
grayed, and unchecked. |
|
BS_AUTOCHECKBOX |
Creates a
button that is the same as a check box, except that the check state
automatically toggles between checked and unchecked each time the user
selects the check box. |
|
BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON |
Creates a
button that is the same as a radio button, except that when the user selects
it, Windows automatically sets the button s check state to checked and
automatically sets the check state for all other buttons in the same group to
unchecked. |
|
BS_CHECKBOX |
Creates a
small, empty check box with text. By default, the text is displayed to the
right of the check box. To display the text to the left of the check box,
combine this flag with the BS_LEFTTEXT style (or with the equivalent
BS_RIGHTBUTTON style). |
|
BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON |
Creates a
push button that behaves like a BS_PUSHBUTTON style button, but also has a
heavy black border. If the button is in a dialog box, the user can select the
button by pressing the ENTER key, even when the button does not have the input
focus. This style is useful for enabling the user to quickly select the most
likely (default) option. |
|
BS_GROUPBOX |
Creates a
rectangle in which other controls can be grouped. Any text associated with
this style is displayed in the rectangle s upper left corner. |
|
BS_LEFTTEXT |
Places text
on the left side of the radio button or check box when combined with a radio
button or check box style. Same as the BS_RIGHTBUTTON style. |
|
BS_OWNERDRAW |
Creates an
owner-drawn button. The owner window receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message when the button is
created and a WM_DRAWITEM
message when a visual aspect of the button has changed. Do not combine the
BS_OWNERDRAW style with any other button styles. |
|
BS_PUSHBUTTON |
Creates a
push button that posts a WM_COMMAND message to the owner window when the user selects
the button. |
|
BS_RADIOBUTTON |
Creates a
small circle with text. By default, the text is displayed to the right of the
circle. To display the text to the left of the circle, combine this flag with
the BS_LEFTTEXT style (or with the equivalent BS_RIGHTBUTTON style). Use radio
buttons for groups of related, but mutually exclusive choices. |
|
BS_USERBUTTON |
Obsolete,
but provided for compatibility with 16-bit versions of Windows. Win32-based
applications should use BS_OWNERDRAW instead. |
|
BS_BITMAP |
Specifies
that the button displays a bitmap. |
|
BS_BOTTOM |
Places text
at the bottom of the button rectangle. |
|
BS_CENTER |
Centers
text horizontally in the button rectangle. |
|
BS_ICON |
Specifies
that the button displays an icon. |
|
BS_LEFT |
Left-justifies
the text in the button rectangle. However, if the button is a check box or
radio button that does not have the BS_RIGHTBUTTON style, the text is left
justified on the right side of the check box or radio button. |
|
BS_MULTILINE |
Wraps the
button text to multiple lines if the text string is too long to fit on a
single line in the button rectangle. |
|
BS_NOTIFY |
Enables a
button to send BN_DBLCLK, BN_KILLFOCUS, and BN_SETFOCUS notification messages
to its parent window. Note that buttons send the BN_CLICKED notification
message regardless of whether it has this style. |
|
BS_PUSHLIKE |
Makes a
button (such as a check box, three-state check box, or radio button) look and
act like a push button. The button looks raised when it isn t pushed or
checked, and sunken when it is pushed or checked. |
|
BS_RIGHT |
Right-justifies
text in the button rectangle. However, if the button is a check box or radio
button that does not have the BS_RIGHTBUTTON style, the text is right
justified on the right side of the check box or radio button. |
|
BS_RIGHTBUTTON |
Positions a
radio button s circle or a check box s square on the right side of the button
rectangle. Same as the BS_LEFTTEXT style. |
|
BS_TEXT |
Specifies
that the button displays text. |
|
BS_TOP |
Places text
at the top of the button rectangle. |
|
BS_VCENTER |
Places text
in the middle (vertically) of the button rectangle. |
The following
combo box styles (in the COMBOBOX class) can be specified in the dwStyle
parameter:
|
Style |
Meaning |
|
CBS_AUTOHSCROLL |
Automatically
scrolls the text in an edit control to the right when the user types a
character at the end of the line. If this style is not set, only text that
fits within the rectangular boundary is allowed. |
|
CBS_DISABLENOSCROLL |
Shows a disabled
vertical scroll bar in the list box when the box does not contain enough
items to scroll. Without this style, the scroll bar is hidden when the list
box does not contain enough items. |
|
CBS_DROPDOWN |
Similar to
CBS_SIMPLE, except that the list box is not displayed unless the user selects
an icon next to the edit control. |
|
CBS_DROPDOWNLIST |
Similar to
CBS_DROPDOWN, except that the edit control is replaced by a static text item
that displays the current selection in the list box. |
|
CBS_HASSTRINGS |
Specifies
that an owner-drawn combo box contains items consisting of strings. The combo
box maintains the memory and address for the strings, so the application can
use the CB_GETLBTEXT message to retrieve the text for a particular item. |
|
CBS_LOWERCASE |
Converts to
lowercase any uppercase characters entered into the edit control of a combo
box. |
|
CBS_NOINTEGRALHEIGHT |
Specifies
that the size of the combo box is exactly the size specified by the
application when it created the combo box. Normally, Windows sizes a combo box
so that it does not display partial items. |
|
CBS_OEMCONVERT |
Converts
text entered in the combo box edit control. The text is converted from the
Windows character set to the OEM character set and then back to the Windows
set. This ensures proper character conversion when the application calls the CharToOem function to convert a
Windows string in the combo box to OEM characters. This style is most useful
for combo boxes that contain filenames and applies only to combo boxes
created with the CBS_SIMPLE or CBS_DROPDOWN style. |
|
CBS_OWNERDRAWFIXED |
Specifies
that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and
that the items in the list box are all the same height. The owner window
receives a WM_MEASUREITEM
message when the combo box is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect
of the combo box has changed. |
|
CBS_OWNERDRAWVARIABLE |
Specifies
that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and
that the items in the list box are variable in height. The owner window
receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message for each item in the combo box when you
create the combo box; the owner window receives a WM_DRAWITEM message when a
visual aspect of the combo box has changed. |
|
CBS_SIMPLE |
Displays
the list box at all times. The current selection in the list box is displayed
in the edit control. |
|
CBS_SORT |
Automatically
sorts strings entered into the list box. |
|
CBS_UPPERCASE |
Converts to
uppercase any lowercase characters entered into the edit control of a combo
box. |
The following
edit control styles (in the EDIT class) can be specified in the dwStyle
parameter:
|
Style |
Meaning |
|
ES_AUTOHSCROLL |
Automatically
scrolls text to the right by 10 characters when the user types a character at
the end of the line. When the user presses the ENTER key, the control scrolls
all text back to position zero. |
|
ES_AUTOVSCROLL |
Automatically
scrolls text up one page when the user presses the ENTER key on
the last line. |
|
ES_CENTER |
Centers
text in a multiline edit control. |
|
ES_LEFT |
Left-aligns
text. |
|
ES_LOWERCASE |
Converts
all characters to lowercase as they are typed into the edit control. |
|
ES_MULTILINE |
Designates
a multiline edit control. The default is single-line edit control. |
|
|
When the
multiline edit control is in a dialog box, the default response to pressing
the ENTER key is to activate the default button. To use the ENTER key as a
carriage return, use the ES_WANTRETURN style. |
|
|
When the
multiline edit control is not in a dialog box and the ES_AUTOVSCROLL style is
specified, the edit control shows as many lines as possible and scrolls
vertically when the user presses the ENTER key. If you do not specify ES_AUTOVSCROLL, the edit
control shows as many lines as possible and beeps if the user presses the ENTER key when
no more lines can be displayed. |
|
|
If you
specify the ES_AUTOHSCROLL style, the multiline edit control automatically
scrolls horizontally when the caret goes past the right edge of the control.
To start a new line, the user must press the ENTER key. If you do not specify
ES_AUTOHSCROLL, the control automatically wraps words to the beginning of the
next line when necessary. A new line is also started if the user presses the ENTER key. The
window size determines the position of the word wrap. If the window size
changes, the word wrapping position changes and the text is redisplayed. |
|
|
Multiline
edit controls can have scroll bars. An edit control with scroll bars
processes its own scroll bar messages. Note that edit controls without scroll
bars scroll as described in the previous paragraphs and process any scroll
messages sent by the parent window. |
|
ES_NOHIDESEL |
Negates the
default behavior for an edit control. The default behavior hides the
selection when the control loses the input focus and inverts the selection
when the control receives the input focus. If you specify ES_NOHIDESEL, the
selected text is inverted, even if the control does not have the focus. |
|
ES_NUMBER |
Allows only
digits to be entered into the edit control. |
|
ES_OEMCONVERT |
Converts
text entered in the edit control. The text is converted from the Windows
character set to the OEM character set and then back to the Windows set. This
ensures proper character conversion when the application calls the CharToOem function to convert a
Windows string in the edit control to OEM characters. This style is most
useful for edit controls that contain filenames. |
|
ES_PASSWORD |
Displays an
asterisk (*) for each character typed into the edit control. You can use the
EM_SETPASSWORDCHAR message to change the character that is displayed. |
|
ES_READONLY |
Prevents
the user from typing or editing text in the edit control. |
|
ES_RIGHT |
Right-aligns
text in a multiline edit control. |
|
ES_UPPERCASE |
Converts
all characters to uppercase as they are typed into the edit control. |
|
ES_WANTRETURN |
Specifies
that a carriage return be inserted when the user presses the ENTER key while
entering text into a multiline edit control in a dialog box. If you do not
specify this style, pressing the ENTER key has the same effect as pressing the dialog
box s default push button. This style has no effect on a single-line edit
control. |
The following
list box control styles (in the LISTBOX class) can be specified in the dwStyle
parameter:
|
Style |
Meaning |
|
LBS_DISABLENOSCROLL |
Shows a
disabled vertical scroll bar for the list box when the box does not contain
enough items to scroll. If you do not specify this style, the scroll bar is
hidden when the list box does not contain enough items. |
|
LBS_EXTENDEDSEL |
Allows
multiple items to be selected by using the SHIFT key and the mouse or
special key combinations. |
|
LBS_HASSTRINGS |
Specifies
that a list box contains items consisting of strings. The list box maintains
the memory and addresses for the strings so the application can use the LB_GETTEXT message to retrieve the text
for a particular item. By default, all list boxes except owner-drawn list
boxes have this style. You can create an owner-drawn list box either with or
without this style. |
|
LBS_MULTICOLUMN |
Specifies a
multicolumn list box that is scrolled horizontally. The LB_SETCOLUMNWIDTH message sets the width of the
columns. |
|
LBS_MULTIPLESEL |
Turns string
selection on or off each time the user clicks or double-clicks a string in
the list box. The user can select any number of strings. |
|
LBS_NODATA |
Specifies a
no-data list box. Specify this style when the count of items in the list box
will exceed one thousand. A no-data list box must also have the
LBS_OWNERDRAWFIXED style, but must not have the LBS_SORT or LBS_HASSTRINGS
style. |
|
|
A no-data
list box resembles an owner-drawn list box except that it contains no string
or bitmap data for an item. Commands to add, insert, or delete an item always
ignore any given item data; requests to find a string within the list box
always fail. Windows sends the WM_DRAWITEM message to the owner window when an item must be
drawn. The itemID member of the DRAWITEMSTRUCT structure passed with
the WM_DRAWITEM message specifies the line number of the item to be drawn. A
no-data list box does not send a WM_DELETEITEM1NWU_P message. |
|
LBS_NOINTEGRALHEIGHT |
Specifies
that the size of the list box is exactly the size specified by the
application when it created the list box. Normally, Windows sizes a list box
so that the list box does not display partial items. |
|
LBS_NOREDRAW |
Specifies
that the list box s appearance is not updated when changes are made. You can
change this style at any time by sending a WM_SETREDRAW message. |
|
LBS_NOSEL |
Specifies
that the list box contains items that can be viewed but not selected. |
|
LBS_NOTIFY |
Notifies
the parent window with an input message whenever the user clicks or
double-clicks a string in the list box. |
|
LBS_OWNERDRAWFIXED |
Specifies
that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and
that the items in the list box are the same height. The owner window receives
a WM_MEASUREITEM
message when the list box is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual
aspect of the list box has changed. |
|
LBS_OWNERDRAWVARIABLE |
Specifies
that the owner of the list box is responsible for drawing its contents and
that the items in the list box are variable in height. The owner window
receives a WM_MEASUREITEM message for each item in the combo box when the
combo box is created and a WM_DRAWITEM message when a visual aspect of the combo box
has changed. |
|
LBS_SORT |
Sorts
strings in the list box alphabetically. |
|
LBS_STANDARD |
Sorts
strings in the list box alphabetically. The parent window receives an input
message whenever the user clicks or double-clicks a string. The list box has
borders on all sides. |
|
LBS_USETABSTOPS |
Enables a
list box to recognize and expand tab characters when drawing its strings. The
default tab positions are 32 dialog box units. A dialog box unit is a
horizontal or vertical distance. One horizontal dialog box unit is equal to
one-fourth of the current dialog box base-width unit. Windows calculates these
units based on the height and width of the current system font. The GetDialogBaseUnits function returns the
current dialog box base units in pixels. |
|
LBS_WANTKEYBOARDINPUT |
Specifies
that the owner of the list box receives WM_VKEYTOITEM messages whenever the user
presses a key and the list box has the input focus. This enables an
application to perform special processing on the keyboard input. |
The following
scroll bar styles (in the SCROLLBAR class) can be specified in the dwStyle
parameter:
|
Style |
Meaning |
|
SBS_BOTTOMALIGN |
Aligns the
bottom edge of the scroll bar with the bottom edge of the rectangle defined
by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The
scroll bar has the default height for system scroll bars. Use this style with
the SBS_HORZ style. |
|
SBS_HORZ |
Designates
a horizontal scroll bar. If neither the SBS_BOTTOMALIGN nor SBS_TOPALIGN
style is specified, the scroll bar has the height, width, and position
defined by x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. |
|
SBS_LEFTALIGN |
Aligns the
left edge of the scroll bar with the left edge of the rectangle defined by
the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The
scroll bar has the default width for system scroll bars. Use this style with
the SBS_VERT style. |
|
SBS_RIGHTALIGN |
Aligns the
right edge of the scroll bar with the right edge of the rectangle defined by
the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The scroll
bar has the default width for system scroll bars. Use this style with the
SBS_VERT style. |
|
SBS_SIZEBOX |
Designates
a size box. If you specify neither the SBS_SIZEBOXBOTTOMRIGHTALIGN nor the
SBS_SIZEBOXTOPLEFTALIGN style, the size box has the height, width, and
position specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. |
|
SBS_SIZEBOXBOTTOMRIGHTALIGN |
Aligns the
lower-right corner of the size box with the lower-right corner of the
rectangle specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight.
The size box has the default size for system size boxes. Use this style with
the SBS_SIZEBOX style. |
|
SBS_SIZEBOXTOPLEFTALIGN |
Aligns the
upper-left corner of the size box with the upper-left corner of the rectangle
specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight.
The size box has the default size for system size boxes. Use this style with
the SBS_SIZEBOX style. |
|
SBS_SIZEGRIP |
Same as
SBS_SIZEBOX, but with a raised edge. |
|
SBS_TOPALIGN |
Aligns the
top edge of the scroll bar with the top edge of the rectangle defined by the
parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. The scroll
bar has the default height for system scroll bars. Use this style with the
SBS_HORZ style. |
|
SBS_VERT |
Designates
a vertical scroll bar. If you specify neither the SBS_RIGHTALIGN nor the
SBS_LEFTALIGN style, the scroll bar has the height, width, and position
specified by the parameters x, y, nWidth, and nHeight. |
The following
static control styles (in the STATIC class) can be specified in the dwStyle
parameter. A static control can have only one of these styles:
|
Style |
Description |
|
SS_BITMAP |
Specifies a
bitmap is to be displayed in the static control. The error code text is the
name of a bitmap (not a filename) defined elsewhere in the resource file. The
style ignores the nWidth and nHeight parameters; the control
automatically sizes itself to accommodate the bitmap. |
|
SS_BLACKFRAME |
Specifies a
box with a frame drawn in the same color as the window frames. This color is
black in the default Windows color scheme. |
|
SS_BLACKRECT |
Specifies a
rectangle filled with the current window frame color. This color is black in
the default Windows color scheme. |
|
SS_CENTER |
Specifies a
simple rectangle and centers the error code text in the rectangle. The text
is formatted before it is displayed. Words that extend past the end of a line
are automatically wrapped to the beginning of the next centered line. |
|
SS_CENTERIMAGE |
Specifies
that the midpoint of a static control with the SS_BITMAP or SS_ICON style is
to remain fixed when the control is resized. The four sides are adjusted to
accommodate a new bitmap or icon. If a static
control has the SS_BITMAP style and the bitmap is smaller than the control s
client area, the client area is filled with the color of the pixel in the
upper-left corner of the bitmap. If a static control has the SS_ICON style,
the icon does not appear to paint the client area. |
|
SS_GRAYFRAME |
Specifies a
box with a frame drawn with the same color as the screen background
(desktop). This color is gray in the default Windows color scheme. |
|
SS_GRAYRECT |
Specifies a
rectangle filled with the current screen background color. This color is gray
in the default Windows color scheme. |
|
SS_ICON |
Specifies
an icon displayed in the dialog box. The given text is the name of an icon
(not a filename) defined elsewhere in the resource file. The style ignores
the nWidth and nHeight parameters; the icon automatically sizes
itself. |
|
SS_LEFT |
Specifies a
simple rectangle and left-aligns the given text in the rectangle. The text is
formatted before it is displayed. Words that extend past the end of a line
are automatically wrapped to the beginning of the next left-aligned line. |
|
SS_LEFTNOWORDWRAP |
Specifies a
simple rectangle and left-aligns the given text in the rectangle. Tabs are
expanded but words are not wrapped. Text that extends past the end of a line
is clipped. |
|
SS_METAPICT |
Specifies a
metafile picture is to be displayed in the static control. The given text is
the name of a metafile picture (not a filename) defined elsewhere in the
resource file. A metafile static control has a fixed size; the metafile
picture is scaled to fit the static control s client area. |
|
SS_NOPREFIX |
Prevents
interpretation of any ampersand (&) characters in the control s text as
accelerator prefix characters. These are displayed with the ampersand removed
and the next character in the string underlined. This static control style
may be included with any of the defined static controls. |
|
|
An
application can combine SS_NOPREFIX with other styles by using the bitwise OR
(|) operator. This can be useful when filenames or other strings that may
contain an ampersand (&) must be displayed in a static control in a
dialog box. |
|
SS_NOTIFY |
Sends the
parent window STN_CLICKED and STN_DBLCLK notification messages when the user
clicks or double clicks the control. |
|
SS_RIGHT |
Specifies a
simple rectangle and right-aligns the given text in the rectangle. The text
is formatted before it is displayed. Words that extend past the end of a line
are automatically wrapped to the beginning of the next right-aligned line. |
|
SS_RIGHTIMAGE |
Specifies
that the bottom-right corner of a static control with the SS_BITMAP or
SS_ICON style is to remain fixed when the control is resized. Only the top
and left sides are adjusted to accommodate a new bitmap or icon. |
|
SS_SIMPLE |
Specifies a
simple rectangle and displays a single line of left-aligned text in the
rectangle. The text line cannot be shortened or altered in any way. The
control s parent window or dialog box must not process the WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC
message. |
|
SS_WHITEFRAME |
Specifies a
box with a frame drawn with the same color as the window backgrounds. This
color is white in the default Windows color scheme. |
|
SS_WHITERECT |
Specifies a
rectangle filled with the current window background color. This color is
white in the default Windows color scheme. |
The following
dialog box styles can be specified in the dwStyle parameter:
|
Style |
Meaning |
|
DS_3DLOOK |
Gives the
dialog box a nonbold font and draws three-dimensional borders around control
windows in the dialog box. The
DS_3DLOOK style is required only by Win32-based applications compiled for
versions of Windows earlier than Windows 95 or Windows NT 4.0. The system
automatically applies the three-dimensional look to dialog boxes created by
applications compiled for current versions of Windows. |
|
DS_ABSALIGN |
Indicates
that the coordinates of the dialog box are screen coordinates; otherwise,
Windows assumes they are client coordinates. |
|
DS_CENTER |
Centers the
dialog box in the working area; that is, the area not obscured by the tray. |
|
DS_CENTERMOUSE |
Centers the
mouse cursor in the dialog box. |
|
DS_CONTEXTHELP |
Includes a
question mark in the title bar of the dialog box. When the user clicks the question
mark, the cursor changes to a question mark with a pointer. If the user then
clicks a control in the dialog box, the control receives a WM_HELP message.
The control should pass the message to the dialog procedure, which should
call the WinHelp
function using the HELP_WM_HELP command. The Help application displays a
pop-up window that typically contains help for the control. Note that
DS_CONTEXTHELP is just a placeholder. When the dialog box is created, the
system checks for DS_CONTEXTHELP and, if it is there, adds WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP
to the extended style of the dialog box. WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP cannot be used
with the WS_MAXIMIZEBOX or WS_MINIMIZEBOX styles. |
|
DS_CONTROL |
Creates a
dialog box that works well as a child window of another dialog box, much like
a page in a property sheet. This style allows the user to tab among the
control windows of a child dialog box, use its accelerator keys, and so on. |
|
DS_FIXEDSYS |
Use
SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT instead of SYSTEM_FONT. |
|
DS_LOCALEDIT |
Applies to
16-bit applications only. This style directs edit controls in the dialog box
to allocate memory from the application s data segment. Otherwise, edit controls
allocate storage from a global memory object. |
|
DS_MODALFRAME |
Creates a
dialog box with a modal dialog-box frame that can be combined with a title
bar and window menu by specifying the WS_CAPTION and WS_SYSMENU
styles. |
|
DS_NOFAILCREATE |
Creates the
dialog box even if errors occur for example, if a child window cannot be created or
if the system cannot create a special data segment for an edit control. |
|
DS_NOIDLEMSG |
Suppresses WM_ENTERIDLE messages that Windows would
otherwise send to the owner of the dialog box while the dialog box is
displayed. |
|
DS_RECURSE |
Dialog box
style for control-like dialog boxes. |
|
DS_SETFONT |
Indicates
that the dialog box template (the DLGTEMPLATE structure) contains two
additional members specifying a font name and point size. The corresponding
font is used to display text within the dialog box client area and within the
dialog box controls. Windows passes the handle of the font to the dialog box
and to each control by sending them the WM_SETFONT message. |
|
DS_SETFOREGROUND |
Does not
apply to 16-bit versions of Microsoft Windows. This style brings the dialog
box to the foreground. Internally, Windows calls the SetForegroundWindow
function for the dialog box. |
|
DS_SYSMODAL |
Creates a
system-modal dialog box. This style causes the dialog box to have the
WS_EX_TOPMOST style, but otherwise has no effect on the dialog box or the
behavior of other windows in the system when the dialog box is displayed. |
Windows
95: The system can support a maximum
of 16,364 window handles.
See Also